Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 40
Filter
4.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 34(4): 383-392, July-Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286828

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in women and the accuracy of currently available risk scores is questionable. Objective To reclassify the risk estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in asymptomatic middle-aged women by incorporating family history, exercise testing variables, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers. Methods This cross-sectional study included 509 women (age range, 46-65 years) without cardiovascular symptoms. Those at low or intermediate risk by the FRS were reclassified to a higher level considering premature family history of acute myocardial infarction and/or sudden death; four variables from exercise testing; and two variables related to subclinical atherosclerosis markers. The homogeneity of these variables according to the FRS was verified by Pearson chi-square test (p<0.05). Results According to the FRS, 80.2%, 6.2%, and 13.6% of the women were classified as low (<5%), intermediate (5-10%), and high (>10%) risks, respectively. The intermediate-risk stratum showed the highest increase (from 6.2% to 33.3%) with addition of family history; followed by addition of chronotropic index <80% (to 24.2%); functional capacity <85% (22.2%), coronary calcium score >0 (20.6%); decreased one-minute heart rate recovery ≤12 bpm (15.2%); carotid intima-media thickness >1 mm and/or carotid plaque (13.8%) and ST-segment depression (9.0%). The high-risk stratum increased to 14.4% with the addition of reduced heart rate recovery and to 17.1% with the coronary calcium score. Conclusion Incorporation of premature family history of cardiovascular events, exercise testing abnormal parameters, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers into the FRS led to risk reclassification in 3.0-29.7% of asymptomatic middle-aged women, mainly by an increase from low to intermediate risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Heredity , Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Exercise Test , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Death, Sudden , Organ Dysfunction Scores , Myocardial Infarction/genetics
6.
Femina ; 49(9): 525-529, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1342321

ABSTRACT

A dislipidemia é um distúrbio metabólico frequente na síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e, possivelmente, contribui para um aumento do risco de doenças cardiovasculares. A avaliação do risco cardiovascular de cada paciente define as metas lipídicas a serem atingidas por meio da terapêutica recomendada para a correção da dislipidemia. Alimentação saudável, perda de peso e implementação de um programa regular de atividade física contribuem para a melhora do perfil lipídico. A terapia farmacológica deve ser reservada para as pacientes que não atingiram as metas lipídicas após modificações na dieta e regularização da atividade física ou nas pacientes com alto risco cardiometabólico.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Dyslipidemias/diagnosis , Dyslipidemias/diet therapy , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Dyslipidemias/therapy , Exercise , Heart Disease Risk Factors
7.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 41(3): 183-190, Mar. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003542

ABSTRACT

Abstract Considering that myths and misconceptions regarding natural procreation spread rapidly in the era of easy access to information and to social networks, adequate counseling about natural fertility and spontaneous conception should be encouraged in any kind of health assistance. Despite the fact that there is no strong-powered evidence about any of the aspects related to natural fertility, literature on how to increase the chances of a spontaneous pregnancy is available. In the present article, the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (FEBRASGO, in the Portuguese acronym) Committee on Endocrine Gynecology provides suggestions to optimize counseling for non-infertile people attempting spontaneous conception.


Resumo Uma vez que mitos e equívocos sobre a procriação natural se espalham rapidamente na era do fácil acesso à informação e às redes sociais, o aconselhamento adequado sobre a fertilidade natural e a concepção espontânea deve ser encorajado em qualquer tipo de assistência à saúde. Apesar do fato de não haver evidências fortes sobre qualquer dos aspectos relacionados à fertilidade natural, existe literatura sobre como aumentar as chances de uma gravidez espontânea. No presente artigo, a Comissão Nacional de Ginecologia Endócrina da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (FEBRASGO) oferece sugestões para otimizar o aconselhamento a pessoas que tentam a concepção espontânea, na ausência do diagnóstico de infertilidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Preconception Care , Fertilization/physiology , Ovulation/physiology , Posture , Brazil , Attitude to Health , Smoking/adverse effects , Age Factors , Maternal Age , Paternal Age , Coitus/psychology , Sex Determination Processes/physiology , Counseling , Diet , Lubricants/administration & dosage , Fertility/physiology , Infertility, Female/diagnosis , Middle Aged
8.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 63(1): 40-46, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989296

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of obesity on pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Subjects and methods: A descriptive analytic cross- sectional study was carried out. Thirty-nine (39) sedentary climacteric women, aged 45 to 60 years, were evaluated and submitted to polysomnography. The participants were divided into 4 groups: a) 'eutrophic non-OSA' (n = 13); b) 'eutrophic OSA' (n = 5); c) 'obese non-OSA' (n = 6); d) 'obese OSA' (n = 15). All subjects underwent clinical and anthropometric evaluation, followed by pulmonary function tests and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: There was a significant difference in the predicted percentage values of FEV1/FVC when comparing 'eutrophic OSA' and 'obese OSA' (97.6% ± 6.1% vs. 105.7% ± 5.7%, respectively; p = 0.025). The other spirometric variables did not show any differences between the studied groups. There was no significant difference in the maximum distance walked when the 'eutrophic non-OSA', 'eutrophic OSA', 'obese non-OSA' and 'obese OSA' groups were compared. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, OSA itself did not influence pulmonary function or functional capacity parameters compared to eutrophic women. However, not only isolated obesity but also obesity associated with OSA can negatively impact sleep quality and lung function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Functional Residual Capacity/physiology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Exercise Test/methods , Obesity/physiopathology , Spirometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Polysomnography , Sedentary Behavior
9.
Clinics ; 74: e1005, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039574

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of exercise testing alterations in middle-aged women without symptoms of heart disease and to verify the associations of functional capacity and heart rate behavior during and after exercise with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 asymptomatic women aged between 46 and 65 years who underwent clinical evaluations and exercise testing (Bruce protocol). The heart rate behavior was evaluated by the maximal predicted heart rate achieved, chronotropic index and recovery heart rate. RESULTS: The mean age was 56.4±4.8 years, and 13.4% of the patients had a Framingham risk score above 10%. In the exercise treadmill testing, 58.0% presented one or more of the following alterations (listed in order of ascending prevalence): symptoms (angina, dyspnea, and dizziness), ST-segment depression, arrhythmia, reduction in recovery heart rate of ≤12 bpm at 1 minute, altered maximal predicted heart rate achieved, abnormal blood pressure, functional capacity deficiency, and altered chronotropic index. In the multivariate analysis, the following associations (odds ratio) were observed for these alterations: chronotropic index was associated with obesity (2.08) and smoking (4.47); maximal predicted heart rate achieved was associated with smoking (6.45); reduction in the recovery heart rate at 1 minute was associated with age (1.09) and obesity (2.78); functional capacity was associated with age (0.92), an overweight status (2.29) and obesity (6.51). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of middle-aged women without cardiovascular symptoms present alterations in one or more exercise testing parameters. Alterations in the functional capacity or heart rate behavior, as verified by exercise testing, are associated with age, smoking, an overweight status and obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Exercise/physiology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Exercise Test , Heart Rate/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
11.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(4): 359-366, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-910246

ABSTRACT

A mortalidade por doença cardiovascular entre as mulheres permanece elevada. Estudos observacionais são controversos sobre a participação dos antecedentes de distúrbio hipertensivo gestacional no risco cardiovascular. Verificar a associação entre aterosclerose de carótidas em mulheres no climatério que tiveram hipertensão na gestação. Estudo de caso-controle, sendo os casos compostos por mulheres com aterosclerose de carótida, definida como espessura íntima-média carotídea > 1 mm e/ou presença de placas de carótidas; os controles não apresentavam estas alterações. Adotou-se nível de significância de 95%. Foram avaliadas 504 mulheres sem doença cardiovascular prévia, sendo 126 casos e 378 controles. Eram hipertensas 67% delas; 76% eram dislipidêmicas; e 16%, diabéticas. Cerca de 10% referiram antecedentes de hipertensão na gestação. As mulheres com aterosclerose de carótidas apresentaram valores maiores dos níveis de pressão arterial sistólica (134,18 mmHg vs. 128,59 mmHg; p = 0,008) e de LDL-colesterol (156,52 mg% vs. 139,97 mg%; p = 0,0005). Não foi encontrada diferença estatística em relação à presença de aterosclerose de carótidas e ao antecedente de hipertensão na gestação (OR 1,672; IC 95% 0,893-3,131). O antecedente de hipertensão na gestação não foi associado à aterosclerose subclínica de carótidas em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa. No entanto, verificou-se a associação entre a aterosclerose de carótida e os fatores de risco clássicos, como pressão arterial sistólica elevada e altos níveis de LDL-colesterol


Cardiovascular disease mortality among women remains high. Observational studies are controversial about the participation of a history of gestational hypertensive disorder in cardiovascular risk. To verify the association between carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women who had pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case-control study, with cases consisting of women with carotid atherosclerosis, defined as carotid intima-media thickness > 1 mm and/or presence of carotid plaques; the controls did not have these alterations. The significance level was set at 95%. A total of 504 women without previous cardiovascular disease were assessed, 126 cases and 378 controls. Of the total, 67% were hypertensive; 76% were dyslipidemic; and 16% were diabetic. Approximately 10% reported a history of hypertension during pregnancy. Women with carotid atherosclerosis had higher values of systolic blood pressure (134.18 mmHg vs. 128.59 mmHg, p = 0.008) and LDL-cholesterol(156.52 mg% vs. 139.97 mg%; p = 0.0005). No statistical difference was found regarding the presence of carotid atherosclerosis and history of hypertension during pregnancy (OR 1.672, 95% CI: 0.883-3.131). The history of hypertension during pregnancy was not associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women. However, an association was observed between carotid atherosclerosis and classic risk factors, such as elevated systolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol levels


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Middle Aged , Aged , Women , Pregnancy , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Premenopause , Postmenopause , Hypertension/physiopathology , Climacteric , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography/methods , Review , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
12.
Femina ; 46(3): 144-152, 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1050117

ABSTRACT

Muitas vezes, torna-se um grande desafio para o ginecologista a identificação daquelas com maior ou menor chance de concepção. Vários marcadores laboratoriais e ultrassonográficos, conhecidos conjuntamente como testes de avaliação da reserva ovariana, são estudados há décadas com a intenção de se buscar uma ferramenta para a predição do potencial reprodutivo. E, embora ainda se busquem os marcadores ideais para aplicação clínica, mais difícil do que os definir é definir quando eles estão indicados. Este artigo de atualização, assinado pela Comissão Nacional Especializada em Ginecologia Endócrina da Febrasgo, pretende oferecer ao leitor as ferramentas necessárias para o uso racional dos testes de avaliação da reserva ovariana no cotidiano.(AU)


Often, it becomes a great challenge for the gynecologist to identify women with a greater or lesser chance of conception. Several laboratory and ultrasound markers, known jointly as ovarian reserve evaluation tests, have been studied for decades with the intention of seeking a tool for the prediction of reproductive potential. And, while the ideal markers for clinical application are still sought, defining them is as harder as defining when they are indicated. This update article, signed by the National Specialized Committee on Gynecologic Endocrinology, Febrasgo, intends to offer the reader the necessary tools for the rational use of ovarian reserve evaluation tests in daily practice.(AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Ovarian Reserve/physiology , Infertility, Female/diagnosis , Infertility, Female/diagnostic imaging , Ovary/physiology , Ovary/diagnostic imaging , Prognosis , Aging/physiology , Estradiol/analysis , Anti-Mullerian Hormone/analysis , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/analysis , Ovarian Follicle , Inhibins/analysis
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 30(3): 194-198, 03/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741041

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose hydrogel as a barrier in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesion in rat model. METHODS: Experimental study with 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were divided into three groups for the following treatments: A. Saline, B. Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC) barrier, and C Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (BCH) barrier. After 45 days of the surgery the adhesions were classified and graded according to the qualitative score. The histological parameters were evaluated using a modified semi-quantitative scale to rate the extent of fibrosis, inflammatory reaction and vascular proliferation. RESULTS: Compared with the saline group (A), the treatments with ORC barrier (B) and BHC barrier (C) resulted in a smaller number of adhesions (p=0.019 and p=0.003 on Fisher's exact test, respectively). Data from inflammation and neovascularization showed no statistically significant difference between the groups BHC and ORC (p=0.426 and 0.446 on chi-square test, respectively). CONCLUSION: Bacterial cellulose hydrogel is effective as a bio-re-absorbable barrier for preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anatomic Landmarks/pathology , Gadolinium DTPA , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Contrast Media , Image Enhancement/methods , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
14.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 20(2): 115-118, Mar-Apr/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-711764

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O sono é um estado natural e recorrente, no qual acontecem processos neurobiológicos importantes. A má qualidade do sono está diretamente associada com piores indicadores de saúde. A qualidade do sono pode ser medida objetiva e subjetivamente por métodos como a polissonografia, que é o padrão de referência, ou por meio de testes e questionários, como o índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP). OBJETIVO: Correlacionar a qualidade do sono com a tolerância ao esforço em pacientes portadores da síndrome da apneia/hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS). MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 63 indivíduos (57 mulheres e seis homens), média de idade de 51,7 ± 6,6 anos; índice de massa corpórea (IMC) média de 28,2 ± 5,0 kg/m2); índice de apneia/hipopneia (IAH) médio de 7,3 ± 10,50 eventos/hora, verificado através da polissonografia. Para a avaliação da qualidade do sono, os participantes responderam ao IQSP, e para a avaliação da tolerância ao esforço, realizaram o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M). RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação entre o IQSP e o TC6M (Rs = -0,103620, p = 0,419), assim como entre o IAH e o TC6M (Rs = -0, 000984, p = 0,9939). Podemos sugerir que a qualidade do sono e a gravidade da SAHOS não afetam a tolerância ao esforço dos indivíduos com SAHOS. CONCLUSÃO: Estudos com uma amostra maior, levando-se em consideração a estratificação pela gravidade da SAHOS e utilizando métodos mais acurados de avaliação da capacidade funcional, devem ser realizados, a fim de que resultados mais abrangentes possam ser obtidos. .


INTRODUCTION: Sleep is a natural and recurring state, in which important neurobiological processes take place. Poor quality of sleep is directly associated with worse health indicators. Sleep quality can be measured objectively and subjectively by methods such as polysomnography, which is the gold standard, or tests and questionnaires as the Sleep Quality Index in Pittsburgh (PSQI). OBJECTIVE: To correlate the quality of sleep with exercise tolerance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHODS: The study included 63 subjects (57 women and 6 men) aged 51.7 ± 6.6 years, with body mass index (BMI) 28.2 ± 5.0 kg/m2,apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) 7.3±10:50 events/hour, assessed by polysomnography. To assess the quality of sleep, participants responded the PSQI instrument and were submitted to the exercise tolerance test through the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: There was no correlation between the PSQI and the 6MWT (Rs = -0.103620, p = 0.419), and between the 6MWT and the AHI (R = -0, 000984, p = 0.9939). According to the results of this work, we suggest that the quality of sleep and the severity of OSAHS did not affect the exercise tolerance of individuals with OSAHS. CONCLUSION: Studies with a larger sample, taking into account the stratification by severity of OSAHS and using more accurate methods of functional capacity evaluation should be conducted, so that more comprehensive results can be obtained. .


INTRODUCCIÓN: El sueño es un estado natural y recurrente durante el cual acontecen procesos neurobiológicos importantes. La mala calidad del sueño está asociada directamente con peores indicadores de salud. La calidad del sueño puede ser medida objetiva y subjetivamente mediante métodos como la polisomnografía,, que es el estándar de referencia, o pruebas y cuestionarios como el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), OBJETIVO: Correlacionar la calidad del sueño con la tolerancia al esfuerzo en pacientes portadores del síndrome de la apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS). MÉTODOS: Participaron en el estudio 63 individuos (57 mujeres y seis hombres), edad promedio de 51,7 ± 6,6 años; índice de masa corpórea (IMC) 28,2 ± 5,0 kg/m2); índice de apnea/hipopnea (IAH) 7,3 ± 10,50 eventos/hora, verificado por medio de la polisomnografía. Para la evaluación de la calidad del sueño, los participantes respondieron al ICSP y para la evaluación de la tolerancia al esfuerzo, realizaron la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M). RESULTADOS: No hubo correlación entre el ICSP y la PC6M (Rs = -0,103620, p = 0,419), ni entre el IAH y la PC6M (Rs = -0, 000984, p = 0,9939). Podemos sugerir que la calidad del sueño y la gravedad del SAHOS no afectan a la tolerancia al esfuerzo de los individuos con SAHOS. CONCLUSIÓN: Se deben realizar los estudios con una muestra mayor, teniéndose en consideración la estratificación según la gravedad del SAHOS y utilizándose métodos más precisos para evaluación de la capacidad funcional, a fin de que se puedan obtener resultados de más alcance. .

15.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 32(3): 126-132, mar. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-547538

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: comparar os níveis sanguíneos de homocisteína em mulheres com e sem a síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e correlacioná-los com os parâmetros clínicos, hormonais e metabólicos. Métodos: estudo tipo corte transversal com 110 mulheres: 56 com SOP e 54 controles normais. As pacientes foram submetidas à anamnese, exame físico e ultrassonografia pélvica, dosagens de homocisteína, da proteína C reativa (PCR), glicose, insulina, hormônio folículo-estimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), hormônio tireoide-estimulante (TSH), tiroxina livre (T4L), prolactina e testosterona.. Para análise estatística, foram usados os testes t de Student, χ2 e a correlação de Pearson. A realização da análise multivariada, pelo método "enter", foi utilizada para verificar a associação independente entre as variáveis. Resultados: encontrou-se um aumento significativo na média dos níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína nas pacientes com SOP quando comparadas ao Grupo Controle (5,9±2,9 versus 5,1±1,3 µmol/L; p=0,01). Como era esperado, por fazerem parte do quadro clínico da SOP, o índice de massa corpórea, circunferência abdominal, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, triglicerídeos, insulina e HOMA também se mostraram com diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos. Houve correlação da SOP e do IMC com os níveis de homocisteína. A análise multivariada mostrou que a SOP por si só não se correlaciona com altos níveis de homocisteína. Conclusões: pacientes com SOP estão expostas a níveis significativamente altos de homocisteína, porém outros fatores intrínsecos à síndrome, e não identificados neste estudo, seriam os responsáveis por esta alteração.


Purpose: to compare serum homocysteine levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-PCOS women and correlate them with clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters. Methods: transverse study with carried out on 110 women, including 56 with PCOS and 54 normal controls. Patients were submitted to anamnesis, physical examination and pelvic sonograms and to the determination of homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (Free T4), prolactin, and testosterone. For the statistical analysis, we used the Student's t test, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and the χ2 test. The "enter" method was used to determine independent association between variables. Results: there was a significant increase in the average serum homocysteine levels in the group of patients with PCOS compared to controls (5.97±2.95 versus 5,17±1.33 µmol/L; p=0,015). As expected, since they are affected by PCOS, values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and HOMA were significantly different between groups. Serum homocysteine levels, BMI and PCOS were correlated. Multivariate analysis showed that PCOS, by itself, does not correlate with high serum homocysteine levels. Conclusions: PCOS women have significantly higher serum levels of homocysteine that may increase their risk for cardiovascular disease. However, other intrinsic PCOS-related factors, not identified in this study, may be responsible for this alteration.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Homocysteine/blood , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies
16.
Cad. saúde pública ; 25(3): 551-562, mar. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507858

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o conhecimento e o uso do contraceptivo de emergência em 4.210 adolescentes (14-19 anos) da rede pública estadual de Pernambuco, Brasil. As informações foram coletadas pelo questionário Global School-Based Student Health Survey, previamente validado. Foi investigado o conhecimento, a freqüência e forma de uso do contraceptivo de emergência. As variáveis independentes foram divididas em sócio-demográficas e relacionadas ao comportamento sexual. A maioria dos adolescentes relatou conhecer e já ter recebido informações sobre o método, entretanto dentre os que já utilizaram apenas 22,1 por cento o fez de forma correta. A análise ajustada de regressão evidenciou uma maior chance de conhecer o método entre as moças (OR = 5,03; IC95 por cento: 1,72-14,69) e entre aqueles que já tiveram relação sexual (OR = 1,52; IC95 por cento: 1,34-1,75), enquanto os residentes do interior possuem 68 por cento menos chance. Em relação ao uso, os residentes do interior apresentam 1,68 (OR; IC95 por cento: 1,09-2,25) mais chance de uso incorreto, enquanto as moças apresentam 71 por cento menos chance. São necessárias ações de educação sexual e reprodutiva, sobretudo entre os rapazes e adolescentes do interior.


This study focused on knowledge and use of emergency contraception among 4,210 adolescents (14-19 years) enrolled in public schools in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Information was collected using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey, previously validated. Knowledge, frequency, and form of use of emergency contraception were investigated. Independent variables were classified as socio-demographic and those related to sexual behavior. Most adolescents reported knowing and having received information about the method, but among those who had already used it, only 22.1 percent had done so correctly. Adjusted regression analysis showed greater likelihood of knowledge about the method among girls (OR = 5.03; 95 percentCI: 1.72-14.69) and the sexually initiated (OR = 1.52; 95 percentCI: 1.34-1.75), while rural residents were 68 percent less knowledgeable. Rural residents showed 1.68 times higher odds (CI95 percent: 1.09-2.25) of incorrect use, while girls showed 71 percent lower likelihood of incorrect use. Sexual and reproductive education is necessary, especially among male and rural adolescents.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Adolescent Behavior , Contraception, Postcoital/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Brazil , Contraception, Postcoital/psychology , Contraception, Postcoital , Public Sector , Pregnancy, Unwanted/psychology , Regression Analysis , Rural Population , Sex Factors , Students/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population , Young Adult
17.
Femina ; 36(12): 765-769, dez. 2008. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511416

ABSTRACT

A associação dos anticorpos antifosfolípides, em particular o anticorpo anticardiolipina e o anticoagulante lúpico, com o abortamento habitual, bem como a eficácia do tratamento com a associação de heparina e ácido acetilsalicílico em baixa dose durante a gravidez estão respaldadas em fortes evidências clínicas. A participação e a eficácia do tratamento de outras trombofilias, tais como o fator V de Leiden, resistância à proteína C ativada, mutação do gene da protrombina e deficiência de proteína S, embora sugerida em alguns estudos, ainda não estão claramente estabelecidas. Não existe até o momento indicações de que alterações aloimunes possam ser causa de abortamento habitual. O tratamento empírico dessas alterações com imunoglobulina endovenosa ou transfusão de linfócitos paternos não tem melhorado os resultados obstétricos das mulheres com perdas recorrentes.


The association of antiphopholipid antibodies, specially the anticardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant, with habitual abortion, as well as the efficacy of the treatment with heparin and low-dose aspirin during pregnancy are based in strong clinical evidence. The role and efficacy of the treatment of other thrombophilias, such as factor V Leiden, resistance to activated C protein, mutation of prothrombin gene and deficiency of protein S, althrough suggested in some studies, are not clearly established. There is no evidence, so far, that aloimmune alterations can be cause of habitual abortion. The empirical treatment of these alterations with IV immunoglobulin of paternal leukocyte transfusion have not improved obstetrical results in women with recurrent miscarriage.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid , Abortion, Habitual/etiology , Abortion, Habitual/drug therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous , Leukocyte Transfusion , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic , Review Literature as Topic , Thrombophilia/therapy , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Heparin/therapeutic use , Immunologic Factors
18.
Femina ; 36(11): 713-717, nov. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-508555

ABSTRACT

Embora fatores cromossômicos parentais tenham sido sugeridos como responsáveis por pequena proporção de abortamentos habituais, seu papel como causa das perdas ainda não foi convincentemente comprovado. Há evidências indiretas de que algumas mulheres teriam predisposição à não disjunção cromossômica durante a meiose, que resultaria em trissomias recorrentes nos embriões. As evidências que associam os abortamentos habituais às translocações ou inversões cromossômicas e aos mosaicismos são de baixa qualidade e controversas. Em relação ao distúrbios anatômicos, as abortadoras habituais com história típica de incompetência istmo-cervical, com mioma submucoso, sinéquias intra-uterinas ou septos não têm sido incluídas em ensaios clínicos com grupo-controle sem tratamento. Isso se deve provavelmente a um conceito empírico, fortemente estabelecido entre clínicos e pesquisadores, de que essas doenças são causas de abortamento habitual de tratamento obrigatório. Não há evidências que justifiquem a realização de metroplastias laparotômicas em pacientes com útero didelfo ou bicorno, embora algumas possam se beneficiar da cerclagem uterina


Although parental chromosomal factors have been suggested to play a role in a small proportion of habitual abortion, they have not been convincingly imputed as the cause of miscarriage. There are indirect evidences that some women are prone to chromosomal non-disjunction during meiosis yielding recurrent trisomies in embryos. The evidences associating habitual abortion to chromosomal translocations or inversions and to mosaicism are controversial and bad quality. Concerning anatomical disturbs, habitual aborters with a typical history of cervical incompetence, with submucous myomas, intra-uterine adhesions or septum have not been included in controlled trials with a no-treatment control group. This is probably due to a conception strongly established among clinicians and researchers that these are causes of habitual abortion of mandatory treatment. There is no evidence to justify laparotomic metroplasty in didelphic of bicornuate uterus, although some women could benefit from uterine cerclagem


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Habitual/etiology , Abortion, Habitual/genetics , Leiomyoma , Tissue Adhesions , Uterine Cervical Incompetence , Uterine Diseases , Chromosome Disorders , Chromosome Inversion , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic , Prospective Studies
19.
Femina ; 36(10): 649-652, out. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-505758

ABSTRACT

Distúrbios hormonais que podem levar a perdas fetais recorrentes. Vários estudos têm mostrado aumento na incidência de auto-anticorpos e doenças auto-imunes tireoidianas entre as mulheres com perdas fetais de repetição. A perda fetal de repetição associada à SOP parece estar relacionada aos efeitos endometriais da hiperinsulinemia. Entretanto, a eficácia do uso da metformina para prevenção de perdas fetais em mulheres com SOP ainda carece de comprovação. A progesterona é um hormônio chave durante a gravidez e parece ter inúmeras funções, tais como a indução de alterações secretórias no endométrio e imunotolerância seletiva, embrião-específica, absolutamente essenciais para o desenvolvimento embrionário adequado. Avaliações clínicas têm mostrado que os critérios diagnósticos dos defeitos de fase lútea, como a avaliação histológica endometrial, dosagem de progesterona sérica, ultra-sonografia pélvica com doppler das artérias uterinas e ovarianas têm limitada acurácia, com significativa variabilidade inter e intra-observador. Embora dados preliminares sejam promissores em relação ao uso da progesterona na prevenção da perda fetal recorrente, as evidências ainda são insuficientes para o uso rotineiro.


Endocrine dysfunction might contribute to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in some women. Many studies have correlated thyroid auto-antibodies and auto-immune diseases to recurrent abortion. Pregnancy loss in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome seems to be related to endometrial effects of hyperinsulinemia. Nevertheless, routine use of metformin to prevent miscarriage is not warranted. Progesterone is a key hormone in pregnancy maintenance and appears to have many functions such as inducing secretory changes in the endometrium and embryo-specific immunotolerance, which are absolutely essential to adequate early embryonic development. Clinical studies have shown that the diagnostic criteria for luteal comprising endometrial hystological evaluation, plasmatic progesterone measurement or uterine and ovary arteries Doppler velocimetry have limited accuracy and significant inter and intra observer variability. Althoug some studies have revealed a remarkable improvement in pregnancy outcome after progesterone supplementation in women suffering from recurrent miscariage, further research is required for routine use.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Abortion, Habitual/etiology , Abortion, Habitual/prevention & control , Corpus Luteum/physiopathology , Endometrium/physiopathology , Luteal Phase , Metformin/therapeutic use , Progesterone/therapeutic use , Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications
20.
Rev. bras. mastologia ; 18(3): 128-131, jul.-set. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550147

ABSTRACT

O câncer de mama é um grave problema de saúde pública, que vem crescendo à medida que eleva sua incidência e a taxa de mortalidade. A natureza multifatorial dessa neoplasia é amplamente reconhecida, mas seus determinantes permanecem objeto de pesquisa e controvérsia; sendo assim, muito se tem pesquisado no sentido de identificar fatores que, controlados, atuem na redução da incidência e da recidiva dessa patologia. As pesquisas atuais têm sido dirigidas para a inter-relação entre alterações metabólicas e o câncer de mama, consideradas de caráter sistêmico ou mesmo no sítio mamário, admitindo o adipócito como sede de tais alterações. Entre os fatores metabólicos estão a obesidade, a hiperinsulinemia e , mais recentemente, a síndrome metabólica. Esta ultima consiste de uma conjunção de fatores que tem a resistência insulínica como substrato comum (hipertensão arterial, obesidade abdominal, hipoglicemia e dislipidemia), sendo outro grave problema que cresce na velocidade em que pioram os hábitos alimentares e aumenta o sedentarismo. No futuro, se pesquisas puderem confirmar essa associação, a manutenção do peso adequado poderá reduzir o riscode câncer de mama, e, por outro lado, a elucidação dessa associação poderá auxiliar no desenvolvimento de terapêutica medicamentosa capaz de reduzir o crescimento celular mediado pela hiperinsulinemia.


Breast cancer is a serious public health problem, which grows as its incidence and mortality rate raise. The multifactorial nature of this neoplasia is widely recognized, but its determinants remain controversy and object of researches. For this reason, much has been searched to identify factors, that controlled, can act upon incidence and recidive reduction of this pathology. Current researches have been directed to the interrelation between metabolic alterations and breast cancer, considered as systemic characteristics or located in mammary tissue, admitting adipocyte as the site of such alteration. Amongst the metabolic factors, there are: obesity, hyperinsulinemia and, more recently, metabolic syndrome. The last one consists on a conjunction of factors that has the insulin resistance as common substratum (arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia and dislipidemia), and is considered as another serious problem that grows with the same speed as alimentary habits get worse and sedentary increases. In the future, if the researches confirm this association, adequate weight maintenance will be able to reduce breast cancer risk, and, on the other hand, the briefing of this association will help the development of therapeutical drugs capable to reduce cellular growth mediated by hyperinsulinemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Climacteric/metabolism , Insulin Resistance , Breast/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Hyperinsulinism , Incidence , Insulin , Lipid Metabolism Disorders , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Obesity/complications , Postmenopause , Risk Factors
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL